There was no indication of terrorism, a federal security official said.
A Transportation Safety Administration official denied reports that the woman had a screwdriver, matches, Vaseline and a letter referencing al-Qaida.
The female passenger aboard United Flight 923 said she was claustrophobic and became very upset and got into some kind of confrontation with the flight crew, said George Naccara, federal security director for the Transportation Security Administration for Massachusetts' airport.
United Flight 923 landed safely, Logan airport spokesman Phil Orlandella said.
The flight contained 182 passengers and 12 crew members.
State Police and federal agents met took control of the plane after it landed.
Passengers were seen coming off the plane on the tarmac and being loaded onto a bus. Orlandella said their carry-on luggage was being checked.
The flight from London's Heathrow Airport was scheduled to land at Dulles International Airport outside Washington, Transportation Security Administration spokeswoman Amy von Walter said. According to Von Walter, the fighter jets launched and trailed the flight out of an abundance of caution.
Last week, British authorities said they foiled a terror plot to blow up trans-Atlantic flights from London to the United States.