The new agency is one of the central elements of President Barack Obama's overhaul of the financial regulatory system. The president is set to announce his broad plan on Wednesday.
The administration official described the plan on the condition of anonymity because Obama had not yet made it public.
Obama's decision to create the agency is in response to criticism that lenders and credit card companies have taken advantage of unwitting consumers and saddled them with debt.
The new agency is likely to be one of the flash points in the administration's proposal because many in the banking industry do not support it.